“The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.” This of course was the law of the land until about 1968.  Nearly every exception below spits in the eye of the fourth amendment. The plain language of the fourth amendment does not allow for interest balancing for things like public safety. Most all of these things should not exist without properly amended constitutional provisions.  The SCUTS Bruen case talks about the interest balancing tests by courts as being absolutely unconstitutional. Interest balanced exceptions to the Fourth Amendment –  Case Law Unlawfully Balancing Public Safety vs. Individual Rights While the Fourth Amendment is foundational, courts have carved out exceptions ...